FalehSec Exploited-vulnerability triage · joined from CISA KEV, NVD CVSS and EPSS

CVE-2025-27915

Synacor · Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) · Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) Cross-site Scripting Vulnerability

Verdict
Patch on your normal cycle · actively exploited, not reachable unauthenticated from the internet, and in the top 10% of CVEs by near-term exploitation probability

Added to CISA KEV 2025-10-07 · exploited in the wild for 355 days

What an attacker can reach How likely Time What CISA says to do Sources All 545

What an attacker can reach

CVSS 5.4 MEDIUM. The score is a summary; these three components are the part that decides whether something scanning the internet can use it.

Attack vectornetworkreachable over the network, with no local access needed
Privileges requiredlowneeds some credentials, so a fully anonymous attacker cannot reach it directly
User interactionrequiredneeds a user to click, load or submit something first
Base vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
WeaknessCWE-79

This describes the vulnerability. It says nothing about whether your systems run it.

How likely

EPSS puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.0399, which places it in the top 10% of all tracked CVEs. The percentile is the more useful half: 0.18 in absolute terms sounds low until you know most of the internet-facing software in the world scores under that.

EPSS probability0.0399
Percentile0.901 — top 10%

Time

Added to KEV2025-10-07
Days exploited355
Federal remediation duenot set
Ransomware useno known ransomware campaign use

What CISA says to do

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

An issue was discovered in Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) 9.0 and 10.0 and 10.1. A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in the Classic Web Client due to insufficient sanitization of HTML content in ICS files. When a user views an e-mail message containing a malicious ICS entry, its embedded JavaScript executes via an ontoggle event inside a <details> tag. This allows an attacker to run arbitrary JavaScript within the victim's session, potentially leading to unauthorized actions such as setting e-mail filters to redirect messages to an attacker-controlled address. As a result, an attacker can perform unauthorized actions on the victim's account, including e-mail redirection and data exfiltration.

Sources